Environmental policy and energy in the next 30 years Research Paper - 1

Natural arrangement and vitality in the following 30 years - Research Paper Example It is estimate that by 2025 petroleum gas will involve the second situation among all vitality sources to be utilized around the world. A great part of the petroleum gas request will be met by provisions from offbeat sources, for example, shale and rock definitions and it is assessed that its commitment will be very nearly 30 percent of all out worldwide creation and the gas from shale and rock can satisfy world need for next 250 years dependent on the current interest levels. China will observer the biggest development in gas utilization through 2040 adding up to almost 50% of Asia pacific non-OECD utilization development. Oil and flammable gas together will meet 60 percent of the world vitality needs. Interest for coal will reach at its apex around 2025 and afterward will keep on declining because of move toward non-contaminating or lesser carbon emanating energies. By and large, oil, gas, and coal together will represent just about 80 percent of the vitality needs of the world. In exhaustible wellsprings of vitality, for example, sun based, wind and bio-fills will enlist solid development and liable to meet around 4 percent worldwide vitality request by 2040. Hydropower and wind vitality will show the quickest development among the sustainable power sources †liable to enroll 8 percent a year development. ... Atomic vitality is probably going to develop at 2.2 percent a year worldwide and will have a checkered development after Fukushima setback in Japan (ExxonMobil, 2012). Beneath referenced diagram shows world vitality utilization design among OECD and non-OECD nations. Source: http://www.eia.gov/estimates/ieo/world.cfm In 2008, transportation part devoured 27 percent of the absolute world vitality request and will develop at the pace of 1.4 percent until 2040. Significant utilization or increment sought after will be from non-OECD nations as an ever increasing number of individuals are embracing individual method of transportation. Lesser populace and monetary development in the OECD countries through 2040 will confine the vitality development in the transportation division at modest 0.3 percent against likely development of 2.6 percent every year in the non-OECD nations. Throughout the following 30 years, cross breed vehicles will turn into the standard vehicles for transportation nee ds and it is normal that by 2040, mixture and other eco-friendly vehicles will comprise 50 percent of all light obligation vehicles utilizing out and about. Business transportation vitality needs through 2040 will likewise ascend by 45 percent (ExxonMobil, 2012). Beneath referenced diagram shows likely utilization of vitality in the transportation part in OECD and non-OECD nations from 2008 through 2035. Source: http://www.eia.gov/gauges/ieo/world.cfm Environmental Impact Burning of non-renewable energy sources discharge immense measure of ozone harming substances in the air that lead to the nursery impact in which, gases, for example, carbon-dioxide, methane and so on assimilate the warmth and afterward discharge it back to the earth climate (International vitality organization, 2012). Because of higher utilization of non-renewable energy source (coal, oil, and gas) in next 30 years, the degrees of worldwide

Contributions of Mansa Musa to the greatness of Mali Empire Essay

Commitments of Mansa Musa to the significance of Mali Empire - Essay Example The Mali Empire stretched out toward the east from the Atlantic drifts along the River Niger delta, which is known for the wealth in horticulture, to past the town of Timbuktu. The northern fringe of this district was shaped by the Sahara desert notable for dryness and hot atmosphere. A tropical wilderness shaped the south. The Mali realm owes its prosperity to the Niger River, which ascends in southwest sides of Guinea and streams towards the east of West Africa through Nigeria in the blink of an eye before streaming into the Atlantic Ocean. Along the banks of the River, Niger laid ripe soil that was abandoned when the waterway became overwhelmed every year. Hence, numerous significant urban areas developed in the Niger delta and in this manner, exchanging of merchandise turned out to be progressively famous. Muslim dealers that originated from northern Africa, Orient, and Arabia discovered their approach to various locales of Timbuktu because of the training of camels and great financial possibilities in the Mali Empire around then. They had the option to ship their products over the dry and hot Sahara desert to work with individuals who lived along stream Niger. Musa being the pioneer of Mali Empire prevented non-adherents from securing Islam access to waterway Niger markets. The exchange made the River Niger’s markets flourish, subsequently, building up this realm (Tschanz 4-7). A characteristic exchanging convergence was shaped in Timbuktu. The northern bank of stream Niger turned into the halting zone for camels. Timbuktu involved the focal curve of the waterway, which implies that solitary vessels were utilized to move merchandise along the stream from east to west.

Language as a badge of identity Essay

Language is utilized each day to speak with each other yet underneath that discussion lies another message. The speaker’s utilization of language gives audience members knowledge regarding what their identity is, similar to an identification of personality on their chest. Australian English’s one of a kind phonology and dictionary is perceived all inclusive and recognizes it from different accents, giving the speaker an unmistakable national personality. Ethno-lects are spoken by a particular gathering of individuals who have the equivalent social foundation. These â€Å"ethno-lects† not just assistance express an individual’s character and separate themselves from the rest, yet additionally help with uniting speakers from comparable foundations; much like a football pullover. Content talk is continually advancing as lexemes are taking on new changes. Numerous adolescents and more youthful youngsters have started to embrace this trying to relate to other p eople and fit in. Through language, we can get a brief look at a person’s personality yet they can utilize a similar medium to change that way of life too. Australian English is not normal for different Englishes in a wide range of viewpoints, particularly phonetically morphologically and semantically. Phonology assumes an incredible job in national way of life as it is the thing that makes various accents. The expansive, ocker Australian pronunciation with its trademark nasal, smoothed vowels is one of the key components of Australian etymology that separates it from the remainder of the world. Diphthongs in lexemes like â€Å"high† are increasingly adjusted, coming about in/hoé ª/. Phonetic highlights, for example, these are handily distinguished as Australian. Slang is another element of Australian English that separates it from others. Supplanting postfixes with vowels is a genuine case of this. â€Å"Afternoon† becomes â€Å"arvo†, names like â€Å"Barry† becomes â€Å"Bazza† and by supplanting the last component with a ‘-o’, the descriptive word â€Å"povo† has experienced a word class move from the thing â€Å"poverty†. Mainstream society has likewise affected Australian English, with ABC TV arrangement J’amie, Private School young lady presenting a semantic and word class move of ‘quiche’ (a thing meaning a flavorful open-confronted baked good) to a descriptor to depict an appealing person. Australia’s semantic development shows uniqueness and contradicts claims that slang is acquired from America. Australian English shows both national pride and personality. Adolescents are at the age when they are beginning to set up their personality. Neologisms are made by young people to guarantee an alternate character from that of youngsters or grown-ups. As grown-ups become progressively acquainted with these lexemes and their utilization, young people forsake them or change the semantics and use to keep up a phonetic obstruction. A genuine case of this is the notable abbreviation â€Å"lol† which represents Laugh Out Loud. As more grown-ups become mindful of this lexical thing and begin to remember it for their day by day messages, young people have brought it into discourse as an exclamatory and talk molecule. The instance of the letters currently likewise changes the semantics; when composed in lower-case, â€Å"lol† is mocking while â€Å"LOL† in capital letters shows genuine entertainment. It is apparent that this consistent changing of terms by adolescents is an indication of defiance and a push to keep an etymological h indrance among themselves and grown-ups, subsequently keeping up a different character. The flexibility of the vocabulary is exploited by adolescents to shape a semantic boundary among themselves and undesirable individuals, for example, grown-ups and different young people who don’t have a place in their gathering. Along these lines, an interesting character is kept up. While youngsters are continually trying to isolate themselves from kids and grown-ups, they are additionally constrained to comply with the adolescent gathering. Abbreviations, for example, â€Å"idek† (I don’t even know) and â€Å"tbh† (to be completely forthright) are presently much of the time utilized dictionary in a teenager’s content jargon because of implications of â€Å"cool† and â€Å"modern† being related with them. Thus, whatever was once well known among a teenager’s talk. In time, it was abbreviated to â€Å"whatevs† and this pattern spread rapidly among them because of friend pressure and the should be popular. Teacher Steven Pinker proposes the purpose behind this is on the grounds that â€Å"the coolest children choose to talk that way and it spreads like wildfire†. People who wish to connect with other people who sit higher on the â€Å"social pyramid† will get their discourse propensities and wea r it as another identification of personality. Having their own select jargon permits youngsters to identify with one another and share a similar character, giving them a feeling of having a place with a gathering. Language can be worn as an identification of character, giving speakers national,â interpersonal and intrapersonal personality. The phonology of Australian English gives the speaker an unmistakable emphasize and, combined alongside its special slang, makes it recognizable over the globe. So as to isolate themselves from grown-ups and kids, young people manufacture a semantic obstruction by making neologisms and keeping up that boundary by continually adjusting dictionary to maintain a strategic distance from grown-ups getting excessively acquainted with them. Then again, inside the high school bunch is a drive to accommodate and utilize comparative language trying to fit in with peers and to have a feeling of having a place. Language is utilized as an identification of character paying little heed to what that personality is. Reference index Das, S, 2005. Struth! Someone’s scratched me Strine. The Age, 29 January. 34. Seaton, M, 2001. Word Up. Watchman, 21 September. 46.

Rage in Dylan Thomass Poetry - Literature Essay Samples

Death is an inevitable factor of life, one which all of humanity must eventually face. What varies among people is how they handle this ‘coming of the end’. Some accept it with grace and tranquility, while others fight it until their dying breath. Dylan Thomas is one such person who prefers the latter. In Thomas’ â€Å"Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night†, the speaker utilizes repetition as well as imagery to juxtapose light against night in an attempt to encourage his father to not give in to weakness towards the end of his life. Thomas’ speaker finds it is a necessity to stress to his father the importance to â€Å"Rage, rage against the dying of the light†( Thomas 93). Every other stanza ends with this line, where he is encouraging his father to fight against the â€Å"dying of the light†, fight against this dimming of life, against death and aging. This repetition places greater emphasis on the line, constantly reminding the reader, or the speaker’s father, of his main message. Against all of this dying â€Å"the father must rage, and in doing so, he separates himself from it† (Westphal 2). He can separate himself from this weakness and submission of death. This is what is son pleads. He punctuates the stanzas with this line as the ultimate reminder to fight and resist the impending weakness. The speaker alternates the repetition of â€Å"Rage, rage against the dying of the light† with â€Å"Do not go gentle into that good night†. Every other stanza is finished with this line, acting as yet another reminder to his father and the reader. Just as the other line encourages fighting against the weakness of death and aging, this line warns him not to give in easily, and not to be â€Å"gentle† going into death. The first fives stanzas all end with one of these two, and the final stanza contains both. The importance of the two lines could not be more clear. The rhyme scheme even repeats itself with ABA, the rhyme always coming back to â€Å"light† and â€Å"night† so that the importance of them is even more clear. The speaker is â€Å"advocating active resistance to death immediately before death†. This repetition almost seems as though he is pleading, even begging his father to resist, to â€Å"burn and rave† instead (Thomas 93) . The speaker also uses his repetition to tell of other men, â€Å"wise mengood menwild mengrave men† all coming to the same seemingly pleasant fate of death, and yet they enter it with having learned â€Å"too late, they grieved [the sun]† (Thomas 93). The sun is symbolic of their life, these men believed they celebrated life, but upon dying they realized they were too late, death is upon them and there is nothing they can do. Instead of this pleasant acceptance of the end of a life they believed fulfilled, there is a feeling of doom that it has ended. As Daiches suggests of Thomas’ poetry, there is this â€Å"note of doom in the midst of present pleasure, for concealed in each moment lie change and death† (Daiches 3). These men are all experiencing this concealed change, they knew death was coming, but it has changed for them, turned on them. They serve as examples for what the speaker wishes is father avoid. Ending the two repeated lines of the poem are the words â€Å"night† and â€Å"light† which in and of themselves require the reader’s special attention. In this poem, â€Å"night† becomes synonymous with dying in the way that â€Å"light† becomes synonymous with living. The speaker refers to death as â€Å"that good night† as well as a â€Å"dying of the light† (Thomas 93). Thomas uses these two concepts to create his imagery that focuses on juxtaposing the two notions. The speaker mentions that â€Å"old age should burn and rave†, with the words â€Å"burn and rave† depicting light and brightness. He mentions these men who â€Å"sang the sun in flight†, the sun being the ultimate source of light and life, as well as eyes that â€Å"blaze like meteors† (Thomas 93). Meteors create bright flashes of light in the sky. These images are all of brilliant and bright lights, which make the â€Å"light† in â⠂¬Å"Rage, rage against the dying of the light† even brighter, placing greater emphasis on the line by making it stand out even more (Thomas 93). Such stress on â€Å"light† reflects an importance upon the life it represents, the death it serves to fight against. Should his father give in to such darkness he gives in to this â€Å"metaphorical plateau of aloneness and loneliness before death†, one that the speaker wishes his father evade (Westphal 2). In contrast with the concept of light in the poem is the concept of night. The speaker urges his father to â€Å"not go gentle into that good night† (Thomas 93). He then follows this with imagery depicting darkness and night. He mentions â€Å"grave men, near death†, â€Å"blinding sight†, and how â€Å"dark is right†, all adding to the dark aspect of the poem (Thomas 93). Such dark imagery has the same affect upon the concept of night as the bright imagery had upon the concept of light. It serves to further darken the idea of death and aging. In juxtaposing such darkness and night with such brightness and light, the contrast between the two is more apparent. The speaker needs his father to see the difference between them so that he will choose the path of strength instead of weakness. It is at his fathers last moments that the speaker needs him to realize the necessity to resist death, this last moment that is a â€Å"phenomenologically distinct period b efore death when it is seen at last to be inevitable† (Westphal 3). â€Å"Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night† serves as a son’s impassioned final request to his father. In the desperate final moments of such an important figure in his life, it is one last thing he needs from his father. He encourages and even begs his father to â€Å"not go gentle into that good night† and to â€Å"rage, rage against the dying of the light† (Thomas 93). If there is one last thing the father can do for his son it is to resist and fight against the impending death as strongly as he can, to not be weak at his end. This poem serves not only as a son’s request to his father, but also as the speakers warning to the engaged reader, to resist the inevitable doom we all must face.

La Ferrassie Cave Neanderthal and Early Modern Human Site in the Dordogne Valley

Maternal Depression A Standard ( New York State...

Despite widespread recognition of the problem of maternal depression and the potential benefits of screening, screening for maternal depression is not a standard (New York State Department Of Health, 2016). This policy brief was written for healthcare providers who treat expectant and new mothers with goals to improve the screening and to increase the number of women receiving appropriate treatment in our community. The recommendations address measures to improve early identification of the condition and preventive/follow-up care delivery for women in prenatal to postpartum periods. Problem About 8 to 15 percent of childbearing women experience post partum depression during the first year after childbirth, and poor depressed women experience depressive symptoms as high as 48% (Onunaku, 2005). Thirty-seven percent of low-income mothers with young children who have had a major depressive disorder do not receive any treatment, compared to twenty-five percent of their higher-income counterparts (Saxton, 2016). Maternal mental health affects their ability to care for themselves and nurture their children. Untreated mother’s depression adversely affects a child’s brain and socio-emotional development, academic achievement, and child’s long-term success. Living with a depressed mother shape the development of a child’s stress biology, leading to the child’s own risk of developing depression and other emotional disorders (Center On The Developing Child At HarvardShow MoreRelatedNational Health And Public Health1658 Words   |  7 PagesSl ide 1: Hello, and welcome to the â€Å"Public Health Detailing† webinar, sponsored by the Center for Public Health Continuing Education at the University at Albany, School of Public Health in conjunction with the New York State Department of Health. 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From 2011 to 2015, teen suicide has transformed into a consequential issue within the United States of America. Suicide is the second leading cause of death among American teenagers between the ages of twelve and eighteen,Read MoreUnderstanding Abuse3160 Words   |  13 Pagessuffocating or otherwise causing physical harm to a child. Physical harm may also be caused when a parent or carer feigns the symptoms of or deliberately causes the ill-health to a child they are looking after. This situation is commonly described using terms such as fictitious illness by proxy or â€Å"Munchausen Syndrome by proxy†(Dept of Health,1995:5). This definition can be seen to as quite specific but does not provide any suggestions as to when such actions are deemed grave to authorise intervention and

Physical Activity Opportunities for Collaboration

Question: Discuss about the Physical Activity Opportunities for Collaboration. Answer: Inroduction: The review of previous studies suggests that for children, it is required that they need to do regular physical activity which is beneficial for the social, physical and mental health of children and adolescents. Besides this, nowadays, children and adolescents prefer passive transport in place of active transport which is in the form of walking and cycling. This resulted in declining in the physical activity in children and adolescents (Carson, et al. 2010). Nowadays, children do not indulge in any physical activity as they do not prefer to reach school by cycling or walking which results in reduced and variable physical activity among children. Nowadays, there is a large distance exists between school and home which has also resulted in the change in the preference of using active transport to passive transport. The children who uses cycling or walking to the school has gained more physical activity if they live farther from the school. It is also reviewed from the past studies that distance from school also affects the sedentary behavior in children. The main aim of the research is top predict the physical activity related to active transport in children and adolescents by the use of distance between home and school by the way of regression model. Besides this, the other purpose of the article is to evaluate the nature of the relationship between commuting distance and active transport. Research Methods For the purpose of carrying out the research, a sample of 8 primary, 3 secondary and 2 intermediate schools were selected from Auckland. In addition to this, for commuting purpose a public bus service is provided in Auckland where the schools are located (Sallis, et al. 2004). Along with this, intermediate and secondary schools provide school buses to commute for children. Besides this, 2000 children were selected from the schools aged 1 to 11 years by the use of stratified random sampling technique. The consent of children has been taken in written for the purpose of participating in the research study carried out related to the research topic. In addition to this, the host institutions have provided ethical approval by the ethics committee. For the purpose of measurement of the physical activity, pedometers are used. In this research study, YAMAX CW 700 is used which uses same internal mechanisms as YAMAX SW 200. YAMAX SW 200 is considered as the reliable and accurate pedometer available for measuring the physical activity carried out by children and adolescents (Corti Donovan, 2002). Pedometers are checked before its use for the purpose of finding defects by the use of 100 step walking test which is repeated 5 times. An error in the pedometers did not exceed 2%. The researcher has asked the participants to wear pedometer for 7 consecutive days except while sleeping and swimming. The physical activity is measured for only 5 days out of 7 days as pedometers were not available to the participants on the first day and the last day. In addition to this, review of the previous research studies provides that the data of 4-5 days is sufficient to obtain a reliable measure of the physical activity. Besides this, researcher has excluded data of a day in which pedometer is removed for longer than 1 hour. In addition to this, the participants were considered outliners if the daily step count is lower than 1000 or greater than 30000 and removed from subsequent analysis. In addition to this, if the data of 1 weekend and weekday is lost then the participants were excluded from the study. In addition to this, the method used to collect the data and information is observation and survey through questionnaire method (Duncan, Duncan Scholfield, 2008). These methods facilitates in gathering large amount of information pertaining to the research work in less time. In this research study, information related to home addresses and usual transport mode used by the children to and from school is gathered by the use of survey through questionnaire method. The questionnaires were filled by the parents for the children aged 1 to 11 years. The participants whio have used multiple transport mode were assigned to a single mode based on the priority criteria. The information related to the distance between the school and home is gathered by the use of Network Analyst Extension in ArcGIS 10.1 and the database of Land Information New Zealand. In addition to this, for the analysis of the information gathered by the use of observation and survey through questionnaire method, researcher has used different methods to get valid and reliable results such as descriptive statistics, chi- square tests, Mann Whitney U tests (Cooper, et al. 2003). The researcher has also stratified the distance between home and school into 9 discrete groups. In this research study, the author has used exploratory research design which facilitates in gaining insights into different aspects of the research topic. This is a quantitative research as it facilitates in providing information in numerical terms to the users of the information to make appropriate decisions. The researcher has adopted has adopted suitable research design for the purpose of gaining valid and reliable results (Rissel, et al. 2012). The exploratory design is appropriate to analyze the aim and objectives of the research study. It facilitates in exploring the information related to the research topic. There is a use of primary data collection methods which helps in provision of the information related to the current scenario of the problem which in turn facilitates in taking appropriate decisions related to the research problem. The exploratory research design does not facil itate in providing conclusions to the research topic. It facilitates in carrying out the descriptive research which provides the outcomes of the research topic in a conclusive manner (Badland Schofield, 2005). The researcher has used appropriate data collection methods as it facilitates in gathering the specific information needed to carry out the research in a proper manner. In addition to this, stratified sampling technique facilitates in reducing sample selection bias and helps in minimizing the over and under representation of some of the segments of the population. In the stratified random sampling technique, a sample population is divided into different segments and then the sample is selected on the random basis. This helps in selection of the appropriate sample required for the study. Out of the selected sample, valid and reliable information is collected from 595 participants which include children ranging from 5 years to 16 years. The main reason behind obtaining of the information from these children is that there is no interference of parents in providing accurate information to the researcher. The results of the study indicate that the boys have relatively more number of steps during weekdays and weekends in comparison to girls (Grow, et al.2008). It also indicates that there are no other significant difference between girls and boys. Besides this, the results also indicates that the children who uses active transport such as cycling and walking has more number of steps during weekdays in comparison to weekend days. This is because on weekdays they go to school by the use of active transportation modes. Besides this, it is also found that the children who uses active transport has accumulated more number of steps in comparison to those who uses passive transport to go to school. The results of the study also indicates that there is an increased use of the passive transport by children as there is an increased distance between their homes and schools (Pate, et al. 2006). In addition to this, it is also observed that there is an increase in the use of active transport by the children of secondary school in comparison to children of primary school. Children that have their schools 1 to 2 km from their home uses active transport for commuting to and from schools. Other factors such as age and sex has no significant impact on the distances between school and home. It is found that as the distance increases the use of active transport decreases. Besides this, the daily physical activity increases in those children who uses active transport. There is a high probability of the use of active transport in a case when there is an existence of short distances between the school and home. The researcher has used appropriate methods for the purpose of analyzing the results of the research study (Carver, et al. 2011). The researcher states that there is a prevalence of mental health problems in many children globally. There is about 22% of children in preschool and school aged children who suffer from mental health problems. In addition to this, only some children seek professional help for the cure of the mental health problems. The main aim of the research study is to investigate parents help seeking processes for young children that have mental health problems. Besides this, it also focuses on the evaluation of the factors that hinder the access of the appropriate treatment for children that suffers from mental health problems (Zwaanswijk, et al.2003). The researcher has done appropriate search and review of the previous studies in order to carry out the research in an appropriate manner. In addition to this, different populations rely on different factors such as attitudes and beliefs related to help seeking for the purpose of informing the decision to access support. The previous studies suggest that parents find obstacles to access professional help for their child due to presence of negative beliefs and attitudes. Parents also seek professional help in three stages which include recognition of the problem, requirement of professional help for the problem and overcoming the physical and attitudinal barriers to help seeking ((Hunt Eisenberg, 2010). This research study has focus on the Australian based sample of young children for the purpose of analyzing the behavior of parents to seek professional help for their children There is a selection of 442 children that are aged 6 years from the total of 733 infants from Australia by the use of longitudinal study methods. The selection is made from the infants in maternal and child health associations. Besides this, it also provide invitation to primary care givers to collect the information related to the research topic. Besides this, the researcher has obtained a consent from the parents for the purpose of collection of the information by the way of survey through questionnaire method. The use of survey through questionnaire method helps in collection of the information from wide population in a quick manner. It is less time consuming process. Child Behavior Checklist is an instrument used for the purpose of measuring the problems related to mental health in the children. The score on this instrument is above the standard or borderline then it is regarded the child is suffering from the problems related to mental health (Cauce, et al.2002). When asked by parents regarding consulting any professional help till the age of five, and the type of services availed. The responses are classified into four categories namely mental health services, general health services, informed help and no help sought. In addition to this, the recognition of the difficult child behavior by parents is measured by the use of Australian Temperament Projects global rating scale. The rating of more difficult than average signifies that there is a presence of mental health problems at the stage of infants. The mental health problems were described in terms of behavior problems to parents such as aggression, anxiety, compliance, and emotional distress. The researcher has also provided information related to the professionals to whom parents can seek help for their children those has mental problems included pediatricians, psychiatrists and child psychologists (Rickwood, et al.2005). In addition to this, pilot study is conducted for the purpose of finding the factors that affect or hinders parents to seek professional help for their children who suffered from mental health problems. In addition to this, the results of the pilot study is conducted is analyzed by the use of content analysis. In the pilot study, through a questionnaire, 15 parents with their young children has asked to provide information regarding different factors due to which they do not seek professional help for their children. From the pilot study responses five major barriers are included in the questionnaire. It is found that parents seek professional help for the mental health problem in their children if they observe any behavioral problem in their children. The researcher has used Likert 7 point scale for the purpose of collection of the information related to the factors that affects the intention of the parents to seek professional help ranging from very unlikely to very likely (Galdas, Cheater Marshall, 2005). In addition to this, responses are also collected on the five point scale that range from ambivalent to low intenders. In addition to this, there are also other factors that affect the intention of the parents to consider professional help which is regarded as family socio-demographic factors which include language spoken at home, family income, family living arrangements, marriage status, family income and so on. Besides this, the researcher has also assigned a SEIFA index of relative disadvantage score to each family by the way of home address postal code. By the use of statistical tools, a comparison is made between parents that have positive help seeking intentions with the parents that have low help seeking intentions if their child has a mental health problem (Zimmerman, 2005). In this research study, the researcher has used appropriate data collection methods such as observation and survey through questionnaire method (Eiraldi, et al.2006). Both these methods are regarded as primary data collection methods and results in the collection of the information at first hand from the respondents. Besides this, the collected data by the use of primary sources is being used for a specific purpose. It facilitates in gaining information related to the current scenario of the research problem. There is also a need for the recommendations provided for the purpose of reducing the occurrence of the mental health problems in children at early stages. Besides this, there is also a need of providing information for the direction to the future researchers on the research topic. Exploratory research design is being used by the researcher in this research study as it helps in exploring the different aspects of the research topic. Besides this, deductive research approach is be ing used in which the information is collected in general and appropriate deductions have been made in order to arrive at the specific information related to the research study. This research study is limited to Australia (Komiya, Good Sherrod, 2000). In addition to this, comparison is also made between the parents who have recognized that their child has more difficulties than their peers and the parents that recognized their child does not have any mental problem. Along with this, the comparison is also made among the parents that seek professional help and parents that do not seek professional help when their child has mental health problems. In order to compare, regression analysis have been conducted for the purpose of finding the relationship between the professional help and barriers that affect the intentions of the parents. It is found out that from the whole sample 86 6 year old children have mental health problems as per the CBCL Total problem scale. From these only one third parents have seek professional help for their children mental health problems. In addition to this, only few parents have seek professional help for their children that do not have mental problem due to behavior problems (Rickwood, Deane Wilson, 2 007). Only 14 children out of total sample that have mental problem seek the professional help for their children. The filters have been assigned include parents help seeking intentions. It is also found out that the children that are recognized as have a mental problem, parents have a positive intention towards seeking professional help at the age of 6 years. Only few of the respondents have considered as low help seekers for their child who have mental problems. The second filter is the recognition of the parents that they have a child with difficult behavior than average. It is estimated that only few of the parents have recognized that their child has a mental problem and there is a need to seek help from professionals (Gulliver, Griffiths Christensen, 2010). Less than one third of the parents have accessed professional help when their child is in need due to presence of mental health problems. Along with this, there is also an application of logistic regression model that provides information regarding the fact that the most significant predictor of children in need of the professional help is the recognition of their parents that there is a need to take professional help to provide cure to mental health problems faced by children. It is found that very few children have received professional help to cure their mental health problems. Only few parents accessed professional help from different professionals for their children that face mental health problems. References Badland, H. Schofield, G. (2005). Transport, urban design, and physical activity: an evidence based update. Transportation Research Part D 10 177-196. Carson, V., et al. (2010). Parents perception of neighborhood environment as a determinant of screen time, physical activity and active transport. Revue Canadienne De Sante Publique 101(2),124-127. Carver, A. et al. (2011). How is active transport associated with childrens and adolescents physical activity over time? International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity 8 (126). Cauce, A.M., et al. (2002). Cultural and Contextual influences in mental health help seeking: A focus on ethnic minority youth. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 70(1), 44-55. Cooper, A.R. et al. (2003). Commuting to school: Are children who walk more physically active? American Journal of Preventive Medicine 25/94), 273-276. Corti, B.G. Donovan, R.J.(2002). Socioeconomic status differences in recreational physical activity levels and real and perceived access to a supportive physical environment. Preventive Medicine 35, 601-611. Duncan, E.K., Duncan, S. Scholfield, G. (2008). Pedometer-determined physical activity and active transport in girls. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity 5(2), 1-9. Duncan, S. et al. (2016). Active transport, physical activity and distance between home and school in children and adolescents. Journal of Physical Activity and Health 13, pp.447-453. Eiraldi, R.B., et al. (2006). Service utilization among ethnic minority children with ADHD: A model of help seeking behavior. Adm Policy Ment Health Ment Health Serv Res 33, 607-622. Galdas, P.M., Cheater, F. Marshall, P. 2005. Men and health help seeking behavior: literature review. Journal of Advanced Nursing 49(6), 616-623. Grow, H.M. et al.(2008). Where are youth active?roles of proximity, active transport, and built environment. Official Journal of the American College of Sports Medicine, 2071-2079. Gulliver, A., Griffiths, K.M. Christensen, H. (2010). Perceived barriers and facilitators to mental health help seeking in young people: a systematic review. BMC Psychiatry 10 (113). Hunt, J. Eisenberg, D. (2010). Mental health problems and help seeking behavior among college students. Journal of Adolescent Health 46 (1), 3-10. Komiya, N., Good, G.E. Sherrod, N.B. (2000). Emotional openness as a predictor of college students attitudes toward seeking psychological help. Journal of Counseling Psychology 47 (1), 138-143. Oh, E. Bayer, J. K. (2015). Parents help seeking processes for early childhood mental health problems. Child and Adolescent Mental Health 20(3), pp.149-154. Pate, R.R. et al. (2006). Promoting Physical Activity in Children and Youth: A leadership role for schools. AHA Scientific Statement,1214-1224. Rickwood, D. et al. (2005). Young peoples help seeking for mental health problems . Australian e-Journal for the Advancement of Mental Health 4 (3), 3-34. Rickwood, D.J. , Deane, F.P. Wilson, C.J. (2007). When and how do young people seek professional help for mental health problems? The Medical Journal of Australia 187 (7), S35-S39. Rissel, C. et al. (2012). Physical Activity Associated with Public transport use-A review and Modeling of potential benefits. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 9(7). Sallis, J.F., et al. (2004). Active transport and physical activity: opportunities for collaboration on transportation and public health research. Transportation Research Part A 38, 249-268. Zimmerman, F.I. (2005). Social and economic determinants of disparities in professional help seeking for child mental health problems: evidence from a national sample. Health Services Research 40 (5), 1514-1533. Zwaanswijk, M. et al. (2003). Help seeking for emotional and behavioral problems in children and adolescents. European Child Adolescent Psychiatry 12, 153-161.

Literary Analysis All Quiet on the Western Front Essay Example

Literary Analysis All Quiet on the Western Front Essay In a brutal trench war known as World War I, the German troops were exposed to brutal conditions, which is shown to critically shape the personality and mannerisms of soldier Paul Baumer, the lead protagonist in All Quiet on the Western Front. Identity is a major theme in the novel, especially relating to Paul. He loses much of his innocence at age nineteen upon entering the war, while adapting to the nature of violence he must endure every day in combat. This matures Paul, who admits that despite his young age, he feels old based on what he has witnessed at war. The recurring mention of â€Å"Fatherland Germany† suggests the theme of patriotism that is evident in the plot. Once believing the propaganda of war spoken by his teacher, Paul enlists enthusiastically, taking in ideas that would later reveal to be hollow notions. But as days pass and more of his fellow troops succumb to injury and death, he begins to realize that war holds no meaning and the only truth underlying wa r is that both enemies and allies alike are human beings and not faceless figures. As a war novel, All Quiet on the Western Front is considered a tragedy as the events are nonfiction and accurately define the real conflicts between nations during the course of World War I. Paul is the narrator of the novel and the leader of his group, portrayed upon introduction in the story as a â€Å"seasoned soldier† in contrast to the new recruits. Prior to joining the war, Paul was captivated by poetry and art, but shed such interests as he matured in ruthless combat. The main antagonist in the story is the environment of war. World War I was an entirely new type of battle, drawing the forces of multiple countries into combat. It was known for the notoriously violent and grim front lines of the war that were like no other. Albert Kropp is a foil for Paul because he is strongly against the idea of war and has no fear of authority. When he is injured alongside Paul, he threat We will write a custom essay sample on Literary Analysis All Quiet on the Western Front specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Literary Analysis All Quiet on the Western Front specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Literary Analysis All Quiet on the Western Front specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

The Best Thing to Do for Your Writing

The Best Thing to Do for Your Writing I saw this in a recent blog post, and when I eagerly delved into the piece, it instead listed items without weight to the suggestions. The blogger interviewed several authors and asked them what they considered to be the single most important item to do to improve your writing. I didnt see mine, and the others said things like pick the right POV, work on dialogue, take an acting class, respect plot. . . which might as well have been just an outline for a writing class. Of course what you take to heart as the most important thing might depend on what your strengths and weaknesses are, but to me, theres only one thing that encompasses novice and seasoned writers. Read and study good, published writing. Whats good? Well, that can be interpreted in several ways, but all must be contingent upon what you want for your own writing. 1) Do you want to sell books? Then read successful books that sold thousands of copies. 2) Do you want to write fantastic mysteries with great twists? Then read mysteries noted for such. 3) Do you want pulse-pounding romance that doesnt sound trite? Then seek strong romance writers. 4) Do you wish to complicate your plot? Find complicated plots. 5) Do you want dialogue that dances on the page and requires no tags to identify the characters? You know what to do. In other words, follow the masters. Some may say that means only bestsellers. Some say that neglects a lot of indie material. Nope. . . it doesnt, on both counts. Regardless of how its published, a book is good or it isnt. Sure, theres opinion laced in there, but when the majority of a books readers love it, and the reviews say why, then you have your markers, and who printed it doesnt matter. What about those books that arent known? Then my suggestion to the authors is to get them known. Is your writing truly remarkable? Then work on distribution and reviews. Do articles, interviews, and speaking engagements to demonstrate your abilities. Is it easy? Hell no. Its not supposed to be. It cant be. Good writing, and the good writer behind that writing, has to fight to be recognized. Whether thats going traditional and fighting to be embraced But I stand my mantra that the best way to improve your writing is to read good books. . . books that make you wish youd written them.

Research a Healthcare Facility along with a Information System (IS) Paper

A Healthcare Facility along with a Information System (IS) used at this facility - Research Paper Example In other words, the facility serves a population of close to 1.5 million per year. The number of licensed beds as of 2006 is 2,700: patient care as of 2006 was as follows; the annual inpatient admissions were 145,000, annual inpatient days were 733,000, annual outpatient visits was 1,050,000 and the annual home health visits was 233,000 (MedStar, 2007). Programs and services offered by MedStar Health include adult day services, after hours care, cancer services, cardiac services, clinical trials and research, diabetes and endocrinology, executive health services, home care, international services, MedStar Partners Business Diversity Program, MedStar pharmacy, MedStar sportshealth, mental health services, nursing home, orthopedics, outpatient services, RadAmerica – Radiation therapy, rehabilitation, retirement residence, and women’s services (MedStar Health, 2011). The users of health information in MedStar constitute physicians, ancillary staff, IT professions, and pharmacists. The health information revolves around these individuals. In order to meet the requirements of MedStar Health professionals and also reduce the resources and costs needed to run an international healthcare organization, the health facility adopted a hospital information system called Microsoft Amalga (also known as Azyxxi) (Microsoft Corporation, 2008). MedStar has a network of hospitals and other healthcare services; in order to have a glimpse of how users access health information, Washington Hospital Center will be used. MedStar Health is on the move of adopting Electronic Medical Records (EMR) or Electronic Health Records (EHR). Currently, Washington Hospital Center is using both paper records and electronic records. A big challenge to the implementation is the inability to share information with other electronic records systems (Washington

Mobilising Creativity and Innovation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Mobilising Creativity and Innovation - Essay Example 1996). In my previous work experience, I was a support worker in customer service, handling customer orders and fielding customer complaints. My domain-relevant skills were proficiency in utilising the electronic computer systems at the firm and excellence at understanding the procurement process along the value chain. In the creative process, I was able to draw on these talents and knowledge bases to come up with innovative service solutions. In this organisation, the service team was not provided with a well-developed training model illustrating best practices for handling customer support issues. Hence, the management team relied on our own creative ideas to ensure that customer’s perceived a rapid response, quality of service, and ability to fulfil their service needs. When first working within the organisation, I was substantially motivated through intrinsic factors, with a genuine enjoyment for the work and the challenge of dealing with diverse and sometimes difficult customer segments. However, over time, with a track record of providing creative solutions to customers, my motivation for creative output began to deteriorate and I was unable to come up with imaginative solutions in difficult service situations. The problem was that I was receiving no external accolades for superior performance and a track record of customer satisfaction. Careful self-reflection indicated a substantial problem: I was heavily reliant on extrinsic motivators to remain motivated toward the creative task in the long-term. The organisation maintained a social norm where it was commonplace for managers to criticise new ideas and there were ample political problems throughout the organisational model, which was identified by Woodman, Sawyer and Griffin (1993) as being barriers to the creative process. However, having been initially motivated intrinsically, I should have been able to overcome these social and organizational-environmental problems

Loyalty and Rome Essay Example for Free

Loyalty and Rome Essay The Roman Empire lasted so long due to various things. These include the establishment of a hierarchical government that enabled a system of checks and balances, the implementation of laws and taxes, a strong army, creation of institutions, and many different privileges and incentives for not only the people of Rome, but also those who were conquered and wished to become Roman. Amongst these things, there was an underlying commonality: loyalty. With loyalty came many personal relationships. A loyal government, a loyal army, and loyal people equates to a great empire. When that loyalty disappears, the effects can be disasterousl. Julius Caesar one of Rome’s most notable emperors depended heavily on loyalty and personal relationships. Within Caesars War Commentaries Julius Caesar describes how his personal relationships with people within and outside played a major role within the empire and influenced many of his decisions. From â€Å"Caesar’s War Commentaries† it is clear to see that he was a very practical emperor and planned his every move carefully with a great deal of consultation. To quickly summarize, in this particular excerpt, Caesar needs to feed the army in time, but food is being held away and people within and outside the empire are resisting to aid as they would usually do. He calls a meeting and to his surprise it is revealed that someone close to him and the government has been opposing him. Being the kind of Emperor Caesar is, he made the wise decision to privately question Liscus about what he had just informed him. Liscus of course is someone close to him and that he trusts. He discovers it is Dumnorix, brother of Divitiacus. Caesar wrote about his relationship with Divitiaus. He wrote â€Å"I had come to realize the very high regard which his brother Divitiacus entertained for Rome and his personal devotion to me. He was a man of unswerving loyalty.† Caesar worried that â€Å"there was a possibility that the execution of his brother might alienate his goodwill.† Being that they were close, Caesar goes to him personally and gives him options to choose from concerning the actions to take against his brother. Divitiacus, when expressing his apologies asked for nothing to happen to him. Because of Caesar’s â€Å"high regard for him his prayer should be granted and the insult to Rome as well as my personal grievance forgiven.† If it were not for the personal relationship that Caesar with Divitiacus, and the loyalty that Divitiacus had for Rome and Caesar, surely the situation would have played out differently. Other situations to point out within this excerpt, is that with Domnorix trying to rise to power, the people who were loyal to Caesar and trusted him, were now going against him. Not only was loyalty lost, but also respect and a sense of power for the Romans. Caesar’s excerpt can be used as an example as to what can happen, when these relationships are tarnished. This is why the Romans, while conquering and expanded made sure to secure loyalty. The loyalty was secured in many different ways, which included the system of checks and balances, institutions within the Roman and non-Roman cities, and privileges for its people. To conclude, Rome as an Empire valued the loyalty and the personal relations acquired. Julius Caesar one of Rome’s notable emperors used this as he ruled and this is seen in â€Å"Caesar’s War Commentaries.†

Affirmative Action :: American Government, Race Relations, EEO

Affirmative Action In the United States, Affirmative Action is one of the government programs to overcome the effects of past societal discrimination by allocating jobs and resources to members of specific groups, such as minorities and women. The policy was put forth by federal agencies enforcing the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and two executive orders, which provided that government contractors and educational institutions receiving federal funds develop such programs. The Equal Employment Opportunities Act (1972) set up a commission to enforce such plans. The establishment of racial quotas in the name of affirmative action brought the charges of so-called reverse discrimination into the late 1970s. Although the U.S. Supreme Court accepted such an argument in the case University of California v. Bakke (1978), it let existing programs stand and it also approved the use of quotas in 1979 in a case involving voluntary affirmative-action programs in unions and private businesses. In the 1980s, the federal government's role in affirmative action was considerably diluted. In three cases in 1989, the Supreme Court undercut court-approved affirmative action plans by giving greater standing to claims of reverse discrimination, voiding the use of minority set-asides where past discrimination against minority contractors was unproven, and restricting the use of statistics to prove discrimination, since statistics did not prove intent. The Civil Rights Act of 1991 reaffirmed a federal government's commitment to affirmative action, but a 1995 Supreme Court decision placed limits on the use of race in awarding government contracts; the affected government programs were revamped in the late 1990s to encompass any person who was "socially disadvantaged.

The Emerging Trends or Challenges in the Management of Organizations

The Emerging Trends or Challenges in the Management of Organizations The Emerging Trends or Challenges in the Management of Organizations INTRODUCTION Organizational Behavior studies encompass the study of organizations from multiple viewpoints, methods, and levels of analysis. Whenever people interact in organizations, many factors come into play. Modern organizational studies attempt to understand and model these factors. Like all modernist social sciences, organizational studies seek to control, predict, and explain. There is some controversy over the ethics of controlling workers' behavior.As such, organizational behavior has at times been accused of being the scientific tool of the powerful. Those accusations notwithstanding, Organizational behavior can play a major role in organizational development and success. One of the main goals of organizational theorists is, according to Simms (1994) â€Å"to revitalize organizational theory and develop a better conceptualization of org anizational life. † An organizational theorist should carefully consider levels assumptions being made in theory, and is concerned to help managers and administrators. [1] Organizational behavior is currently a growing field.Organizational studies departments generally form part of business schools, although many universities also have industrial psychology and industrial economics programs. The field is highly influential in the business world. Organizational behavior is becoming more important in the global economy as people with diverse backgrounds and cultural values have to work together effectively and efficiently. It is also under increasing criticism as a field for its ethnocentric and pro-capitalist assumptions. Views on management have changed substantially over the past century – particularly in the past few decades.Organizations have entered a new era characterized by rapid, dramatic and turbulent changes. The accelerated pace of change has transformed how w ork is performed by employees in diverse organizations. Change has truly become an inherent and integral part of organizational life. Several emerging trends are impacting organizational life. Of these emerging trends, five will be examined in this paper: globalization, diversity, flexibility, flat, and networks. These five emerging trends create tensions for organizational leaders and employees as they go through waves of changes in their organizations.These tensions present opportunities as well as threats, and if these tensions are not managed well, they will result in dysfunctional and dire organizational outcomes at the end of any change process. CHALLENGES IN THE MANAGEMENT OF ORGANIZATIONS GLOBALIZATION Organizations operate in a global economy that is characterized by greater and more intense competition, and at the same time, greater economic interdependence and collaboration. More products and services are being consumed outside of their country of origin than ever before as globalization brings about greater convergence in terms of consumer tastes and preferences.Yet at the same time, in the midst of greater convergence, there is the opposite force of divergence at work where companies have to adapt corporate and business strategies, marketing plans, and production efforts to local domestic markets. To stay competitive, more organizations are embracing offshore outsourcing. Many functions are being shifted to India, the Philippines, Malaysia, and other countries for their low labor costs, high levels of workforce education, and technological advantages.According to the 2002-2003 Society for Human Resource Management (SHRM) Workplace Forecast, companies such as Ford, General Motors, and Nestle employ more people outside of their headquarters countries than within those countries. [1] Almost any company, whether in manufacturing or services, can find some part of its work that can be done off site. Communication and information sharing are occurring a cross the globe in multiple languages and multiple cultures. Global competition and global cooperation coexist in the new world economy.One major consequence of globalization is greater mobility in international capital and labor markets. This creates a global marketplace where there is more opportunity, because there are more potential customers. However, there is also more competition, as local companies have to compete with foreign companies for customers. According to Dani Rodrik, professor of international political economy at Harvard's Kennedy School of Government, the processes associated with the global integration of markets for goods, services, and capital have created two sources of tensions. 1] First, reduced barriers to trade and investment accentuate the asymmetries between groups that can cross international borders, and those that cannot. In the first category are owners of capital, highly skilled workers, and many professionals. Unskilled and semiskilled workers and most middle managers belong in the second category. [1] Second, globalization engenders conflicts within and between nations over domestic norms and the social institutions that embody them.As the technology for manufactured goods becomes standardized and diffused internationally, nations with very different sets of values, norms, institutions, and collective preferences begin to compete head on in markets for similar goods. Trade becomes contentious when it unleashes forces that undermine the norms implicit in local or domestic workplace practices. [1] Professor Rodrik concluded that â€Å"the most serious challenge for the world economy in the years ahead lies in making globalization compatible with domestic social and political stability† (Rodrik 1997, p. 2).This implies ensuring that international economic integration does not lead to domestic social disintegration. Organizations that are confronted with this challenge will have to manage the tension created by the globa l integration versus local disintegration dilemma. The overall picture as a consequence of globalization is one of turbulence and uncertainty, in which a variety of contradictory processes present a wide range of both opportunities and threats that defy established ways of doing business and working in organizations. Integration and exclusion coexist uneasily side-by-side in organizations.For example, many apparent dichotomies or paradoxes—competitions versus collaboration, market forces versus state intervention, global actions versus local solutions—are losing their sharp edges as contradictory forces appear to converge and reinforce each other in organizations across the globe. Companies that compete fiercely in some markets form strategic alliances in others; government guidance and regulation are required to make markets work effectively; and â€Å"think globally, act locally† has been adopted as business strategy (or as a mantra) to deal with the challenge s of doing business in the globalize economy.As organizations transform themselves to stay competitive, they will need to confront and resolve some, if not all, of these dichotomies or paradoxes. [1] On another level, because of globalization, the fates of people living and working in different parts of the world are becoming intertwined. Global events may have significant local impact. September 11, 2001 has been called the â€Å"day that changed the world†. Heightened security concerns are changing expectations for people in organizations, and the role of organizations themselves.The threat of terrorism continues to be an ongoing concern worldwide. It has created a renewed focus on workplace security as employees experience a heightened sense of vulnerability in the workplace. Employee monitoring and screening are occurring more frequently. Concern over travel for business purposes is resulting in the increased use of alternate forms of communication such as teleconferencin g and videoconferencing. [1] DIVERSITY Globalization is impacting how organizations compete with each other.In combination with changing demographics, globalization is causing a rapid increase in diversity in organizations. Never before have people been required to work together with colleagues and customers from so many different cultures and countries. Diversity is moving American society away from â€Å"mass society† to â€Å"mosaic society†. Organizations reflect this â€Å"mosaic society† in their more diverse workforce (in terms of not only race, ethnic or culture but also in terms of age, sexual orientation, and other demographic variables).More than ever, people have to interact and communicate with others who come from diverse backgrounds. This in turn has meant that employees need new relational skills to succeed. An emerging stream of research in international management has called these new relational skills â€Å"cultural intelligence†. Cultu ral intelligence is defined as the capability to adapt effectively across different national, organizational and professional cultures (Earley, Ang and Tan, 2005). More managers take up global work assignments in industries around the world.They learn how to work with people who not only think and communicate differently but also do things differently. Managers will need to develop their cultural intelligence to manage greater diversity in organizations. [1] Diversity in organizations will continue to increase. The world population is growing at a high rate in developing countries, while remaining stable or decreasing in the developed world. The result will be income inequities and economic opportunity leading to increased immigration and migration within and between nations.More temporary workers will be used for specific tasks, and there will be a greater demand for highly skilled workers. People of different ethnic and cultural backgrounds possess different attitudes, values, and norms. Increasing cultural diversity in both public and private sector organizations focuses attention on the distinctions between ethnic and cultural groups in their attitudes and performance at work. This greater focus can result in the tension between finding similarities and accentuating differences in the face of greater diversity in organizations.There is an on-going debate between the heterogenists and the homogenists concerning the impact of greater diversity in organizations. The heterogenists contend that diverse or heterogeneous groups in organizations have performance advantages over homogeneous groups while the homogenists take the opposing view—that homogeneous groups are more advantageous than heterogeneous or diverse groups in organizations. [2] According to the heterogenists, organizations with greater diversity have an advantage in attracting and retaining the best available human talent.The exceptional capabilities of women and minorities offer a rich labo r pool for organizations to tap. When organizations attract, retain, and promote maximum utilization of people from diverse cultural backgrounds, they gain competitive advantage and sustain the highest quality of human resources. [2] Organizations with greater diversity can understand and penetrate wider and enhanced markets. Not only do these organizations embrace a diverse workforce internally, they are better suited to serve a diverse external clientele.Organizations with greater diversity also display higher creativity and innovation. Especially in research-oriented and high technology organizations, the array of talents provided by a gender- and ethnic-diverse organization becomes invaluable. Heterogeneous or diverse groups display better problem solving ability as they are more capable of avoiding the consequences of groupthink, compared to highly cohesive and homogeneous groups that are more susceptible to conformity. [2] On the other hand, greater organizational diversity ha s its drawbacks.With the benefits of diversity come organizational costs. Too much diversity can lead to dysfunctional outcomes. Diversity increases ambiguity, complexity, and confusion. Organizations with greater diversity may have difficulty reaching consensus and implementing solutions. In many organizations, diversity can produce negative dynamics such as ethnocentrism, stereotyping and cultural clashes. [2] The homogenists argue that homogeneous groups often outperform culturally diverse groups, especially where there is a serious communication problem.Cross-cultural training is necessary to enable culturally diverse groups to live up to their potential and overcome communication difficulties. The diversity movement, according to the homogenists, has the potential to polarize different social groups and harm productivity while breeding cynicism and resentment, heightening intergroup frictions and tensions, and lowering productivity, just the opposite of what managing diversity is intended to accomplish. 2] The challenge therefore is for management to manage the tension produced by heterogeneity versus homogeneity. If properly managed, organizations can reap the benefits of greater diversity. Aside from proper management, organizations need to learn to appreciate and value diversity before the benefits of diversity can be fully realized. To achieve this, diversity training programs may help people in organizations understand and value diversity. FLEXIBILITY Globalization and diversity trends are forcing organizations to become more flexible and adaptable.To be able to function globally and to embrace diversity, leaders and employees in organizations have to become more flexible and develop a wider repertoire of skills and strategies in working with diverse groups of people in the workplace as well as in the marketplace. The response to increased diversity has, in many cases, been increased organizational flexibility. Some organizations allow workers to hav e very different work arrangements (e. g. flex-time) and payment schedules. Some organizations (and workers) have found it convenient to treat some workers as independent consultants rather than employees.In certain occupations, advances in communication and information technologies have enabled telecommuting —working at home via computer. One consequence of this is the blurring of boundaries between work and home, and where and when work occurs. The benefits of greater flexibility may be countered by the negative consequences of working 24/7 including higher stress and burnout. The response to increased competition, however, has resulted in a tension generated by the demands to be flexible and yet maintain some stability as changes are implemented in organizations.To stay competitive, organizations are constantly changing and restructuring to increase flexibility and decrease costs. Business process reengineering, business process out-sourcing, job redesign, and other approa ches to optimize business processes have been implemented to increase operational and process efficiency while reducing the costs of doing business. Changes in business and operational processes need time to stabilize for employees to learn the new processes, become familiar with them, and be able to operate effectively and efficiently.Yet, competitive pressures can cause organizations to go through a series of changes without giving employees adequate time for learning and training, and for the benefits of the change to be fully realized in the organization. FLAT In a greater competitive marketplace, speed or response time is critical. How organizations response to customers and other stakeholders or be the first to market may make a significant difference as time is at a premium. Organizations that can develop new technologies faster or can adapt to changes in the market faster are the ones that will survive the competition.To maximize response time, organizations have been flatte ning their hierarchies and structures, in addition to other initiatives such as downsizing and networking. Flat organizations make decisions more quickly because each person is closer to the ultimate decision-makers. There are fewer levels of management, and workers are empowered to make decisions. Decision-making becomes decentralized. However, flat organizations create a new tension between decentralization and centralization. Among the drivers of decentralization are communications technologies that allow companies to push decision-making away from the core.Proponents of decentralization emphasize the idea that less hierarchical organizations mirror the efficiencies of the networks that enable them: they are faster, more resilient, more responsive, more flexible and more innovative. Also, they argue, people who work within decentralized organizations feel empowered and energized. They do not need to focus on the chain of command and they do not feel constrained by it. Organizatio ns are caught between the opposing forces of centralization and decentralization.They want to leverage the opportunities offered by decentralization and create more nimble and forceful organizations, but they cannot always do so because the forces of centralization come into play. There are obvious benefits to centralization as control is comparatively tighter and accountability is clearer compared to a flatter, more decentralized organizational structure. Take the example of IT operations. The key to a centralized organization's success is its responsiveness. If the centralized operation can be responsive to the needs of the business, then that approach can make sense.Several companies, such as DaimlerChrysler and PepsiCo, have migrated back to centralizing IT operations after attempts at decentralization. [3] The debate over the centralization versus decentralization of operations in organizations is an enduring one. It is an age-old battle of standardization versus autonomy, corp orate efficiency versus local effectiveness and pressure on costs and resources versus accommodation of specific local needs. [4] Vacillation between centralization and decentralization is both non-productive and unnecessary.Organizations, as they desire to become flatter, will need to be clear about how they need to respond to the tension between centralization and decentralization. [4] NETWORKS Organizations that flatten tend to encourage horizontal communication among workers. Rather than working through the organizational hierarchy, it is often faster for workers who need to coordinate with each other simply to communicate directly. Such organizations are highly networked. Another meaning of networked organizations refers to their relations to other organizations.Organizations that have downsized to just their core competencies must then outsource all the functions that used to be done in-house. To avoid losing time and effort managing contracts with suppliers, organizations hav e learned to develop close ties to their suppliers so that social mechanisms of coordination replace legal mechanisms, which are slow and costly. Networked organizations are particularly important in industries with complex products where technologies and customer needs change rapidly, such as in high technology industries.Close ties among a set of companies enables them to work with each other in ways that are faster than arms-length contracts would permit, and yet retains the flexibility of being able to drop the relationship if needed (as opposed to performing the function in-house). The trend towards networked organizations and structures create a new tension between interdependence and independence. The forces of aggregation and disaggregation throw up new challenges for organizations, for example, the use of independent contractors, joint ventures, strategic partnerships and alliances even with competitors. 1] One advantage of networks is that organizations have greater flexib ility and thus they can become more competitive in the global marketplace. Another advantage is that organizations do not require that many resources such as employee benefits, office space, and financing for new business ventures. [1] On the other hand, networks have distinct disadvantages. Organizations may find it more difficult to control quality of goods or services as they now have to depend on their partners in the networks to deliver the quality that is desired.Legal and contracting expertise as well as negotiation expertise will also be important for networks. Alternative forms of control may need to be developed to control quality. Alternative mechanisms for coordination may also need to be developed to manage the growing constellation and sometimes tenuous nature of other partner organizations in the network. [1] CONCLUSION All the five trends – Globalization, Diversity, Flexibility, Flat, and Network and the tensions they produce result in greater organizational o r system complexity for both leaders and employees in organizations. The tensions produced by these trends cannot be solved.They have to be managed. Effective approaches in organizational change will involve not one strategy but many alternatives and will require leaders and employees to develop greater resilience in confronting these tensions. Change–Trends and Tensions in Organizations |Trends |Tensions | |1. Globalization |Global versus Local | |2. Diversity |Heterogeneity versus Homogeneity | |3.Flexibility |Flexibility versus Stability | |4. Flat |Centralization versus Decentralization | |5. Networks |Interdependence versus Independence | Planning and managing change, both cultural and technological, is one of the most challenging elements of a leader in an organization. Obviously, the more a leader can plan in anticipation of a change, the better he/she serves her subordinates or employees and the organization.Diagnosing the causes of change and structuring a program to promote a smooth transition to the new process, structure, and so on, is critical to the leader as well as the management’s success.BIBLIOGRAPHY [1] -No Author– â€Å"Trends in Organizational Change†. Available at http://www. referenceforbusiness. com/management/Tr-Z/Trends-in-Organizational-Change. html

The Media And Its Influence On Society - 1096 Words

It is normal for humans to be egocentric, even when we do not realize that we are acting in this fashion. Merriam Webster’s defines egocentric as being â€Å"concerned with the individual rather than society.† This means that a short and simple definition should be something like, only being concerned with what you want, and not caring about the wants of those around you. A similar word sociocentrism means â€Å"a tendency to assume the superiority or rightness of one’s own social group.† A simple definition for this would be, the view that your social group is better than others. So now that we have these two concepts and their definitions, how are they promoted throughout the media? The media today is as expansive as it has ever been. Stretching from Television, movies, radio, newspapers, magazines, and the internet. Most of these sources are bursting with either egocentric thinking, or sociocentric thoughts. Let’s start with television and movies , the basic formula for an action filled presentation is fairly straight forward. They introduce a strong, independent, and usually attractive individual, usually a male but not always, who is the only individual in that universe who is capable, or competent, enough to either stop the villain, or save the day, though usually both. This individual usually has everything planned out already and has a plan so full proof that it’s impossible for them to be anything but confident. This can have an effect on the audience who in a way looks up toShow MoreRelatedMedia And The Influence On Society958 Words   |  4 PagesThe Media and the Influence it has on Society Media plays a significant role in the way it can influence our culture. The media can produce positive and negative impacts on our society. It has the power to produce messages that can manipulate the way people think as well as influencing attitudes and actions taken towards the opposite sex. 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Along with it being persuasive, informational and a great so urce for entertainment it also has a large binding influence on societies all over the world. Media aspects are radically reshaping the world (Marina 240) and though someRead MoreMedia s Influence On Society1256 Words   |  6 PagesThe media are full of countless things, they have completely changed the world we live in and are now a part of our everyday lives (Bookman, 64). With television, radio, newspapers, books, etc†¦ working their way into our everyday lives it is almost impossible to live without the media. Along with it being persuasive, informative and a great source for entertainment, it also has a large binding influence on societies all over the world. Media aspects are radically reshaping the world (Marina 240)Read MoreThe Media s Influence On Society1167 Words   |  5 Pagesassociating with the media can make you believe differently. 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This research paper explores articles supporting media